總理答中外記者問中英文對照全文
Premier Li Keqiang met reporters from home and abroad at a news conference on Wednesday at the end of the annual meeting of the National People’s Congress. Premier Li answered questions on various topics such as the economy, financial reforms and diplomacy.
3月15日本周三，國務院總理李 克 強在全國人大閉幕記者會上會見了中外記者，并就經(jīng)濟、金融改革、以及外交等事項答記者問。
Premier Li Keqiang: Just now, I heard the spokesperson say that today we have many journalists here. I heard that many of you arrived here 2 or 3 hours in advance. I thank you for your attention. Since we have limited time, I invite you to be direct with your questions.
李 克 強：剛才我聽主持人說由于來的人多，很多記者提前兩三個小時就到這里了，大家很辛苦，也充分表現(xiàn)了你們的職業(yè)精神，我對中外記者對中國兩會報道所付出的辛勞表示感謝。時間有限，我們單刀直入，我愿意回答記者朋友們提出的問題。
CNN: President Trump has consistently criticized China for stealing U.S. jobs, manipulating currency exchange and not doing enough to maintain regional security. I understand that President Xi and Trump may meet as early as next month. What do you expect to receive from the U.S.?
美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)記者：總理，早上好。特朗普總統(tǒng)一直對華發(fā)表一些批評性言論，表示中國偷竊了美國就業(yè)崗位，批評中國匯率政策以及中國在維護地區(qū)安全上做的不夠。我們還了解到，很有可能最早就在下個月，中美兩國元首可能會實現(xiàn)會晤�；诖�，我們對于美國希望從中國得到什么已經(jīng)有了一些概念，我想問，中國希望從美國那兒得到什么？中國對于一個健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展中美關(guān)系的底線是什么？您是否有信心實現(xiàn)這樣的中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展？還是覺得前路比較艱難？
Premier Li Keqiang: Your question reminded me of my speech last year in New York, when the U.S. Psidential campaign was white hot. I was asked how the China-US relations would develop when a new U.S. Psident takes office. My answer was that whoever becomes the new U.S. President, China-US relations will keep moving forward despite the changing circumstances.
李 克 強：你的提問讓我回想起去年9月份我去聯(lián)大出席系列高級別會議期間到美國紐約經(jīng)濟俱樂部演講，就有人向我提問，當時美國總統(tǒng)大選正在白熱化階段，如果新的總統(tǒng)當選，中美關(guān)系會不會有大的改變？我的回答是，不管誰當選美國總統(tǒng)，雖然中美關(guān)系經(jīng)歷過風風雨雨，但是一直前行，我對此持樂觀態(tài)度。
Soon after Trump became the U.S. Psident, he and President Xi Jinping talked on the phone. The two leaders re-emphasized the one-China principle. Many senior officials from both countries agreed to enhance China-US relations, too. The one-China principle is the corner stone of the China-US relations. This is the political basis on which China and the U.S. can continue to develop ties.
特朗普總統(tǒng)當選以后，*主席和特朗普總統(tǒng)通了電話，兩位元首都表示要共同推進中美關(guān)系向前發(fā)展。特朗普總統(tǒng)和美國新政府的高官也都明確表示，要堅持一個中國的政策，這是中美關(guān)系的政治基礎(chǔ)，不是風云變幻能夠動搖的，也動搖不得。有了這樣一個政治基礎(chǔ)，中美合作的前景是廣闊的。
These days, the diplomatic departments are working on facilitating a meeting between the leaders of the two countries. Over the many decades since China and the U.S. established diplomatic ties, there have been many disagreements on employment, exchange rate and security issues, among other issues.
我們之所以對中美關(guān)系前行持樂觀態(tài)度，是因為中美建交幾十年了，已經(jīng)有了廣泛的共同利益。當然，我們之間也有分歧，比如你剛才提到的像在就業(yè)崗位、匯率等問題上有些看法不一，或者在安全問題上也有不同認識。
Facing these differences, we should continue our exchanges and sit down to talk calmly to enhance communication. China-US relations not only affect the interests of the two countries but also regional and global peace and stability; this is why we need to keep our ties moving forward.
但是，我們雙方都需要保持戰(zhàn)略定力，加強溝通，坐下來談，增進相互了解和理解，現(xiàn)在兩國外交部門正就兩國元首會晤進行溝通。我想，中美關(guān)系不僅關(guān)系兩國利益，而且涉及到地區(qū)和世界的和平安全穩(wěn)定，我們要維護它前行。
In terms of trade issues, although China currently has a surplus, more than 90 percent of Chinese companies’ profits were taken by the United States. We have statistics showing that last year China-US trade and investment created more than one million jobs in the United States. But if we cannot reach an agreement at once, we can continue talking, which is what wise people do.
至于貿(mào)易問題，我在兩會參加代表團討論時，有來自外貿(mào)企業(yè)的人大代表跟我說，雖然中方是貿(mào)易順差，但是企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品利潤90%以上是美國企業(yè)拿走了，中國的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)拿到的利潤最低只有2%?3%。據(jù)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計，光去年一年，中美的貿(mào)易、投資給美國創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)崗位過百萬個。當然，各方的統(tǒng)計方法可能不一，沒關(guān)系，我們坐下來談，總是會有共識，即便一時達不成共識，可以擱置分歧，智者的辦法是擴大共同利益，分歧點所占比例就會更小。
Recently I read a report by a reputable foreign think tank. It said that if trade wars broke out between China and the United States, those suffering first would be foreign-funded enterprises in China, particularly those funded by the U.S. Our hope on the Chinese side is that trade relations will move forward in the positive direction. Chinese people and Americans are both great peoples. We have the wisdom to control our differences, and also have the need and conditions to enlarge our common interests. Thank you.
我想起前兩天看到國際上有一個權(quán)威智庫發(fā)表文章，他們認為，如果中美發(fā)生貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的話，首先受損的是外資企業(yè)，首當其沖的是美資企業(yè)。我們不希望看到打貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)帶不來貿(mào)易公平，而且雙方都受損。現(xiàn)在全世界都比較關(guān)心中美關(guān)系，中方希望，中美關(guān)系不管有什么樣的坎坷，還是要向前走、向好處走。中美兩國人民都是偉大的人民，我們有智慧來管控分歧，我們有需要也有條件來擴大共同利益。謝謝。
China National Radio: The growth rate of the Chinese economy has slowed in recent years. This year, China has set its GDP growth target at around 6.5 percent. Will this adversely affect the global economy? Moreover, some people think that there are some risks in the Chinese economy, especially in the financial sector. Do you think that the Chinese economy can still remain the global economic engine driving the global economy while global economic growth is sluggish?
中央人民廣播電臺記者：總理您好，我們注意到這幾年中國經(jīng)濟的增長速度在持續(xù)放緩，今年又把經(jīng)濟增長的預期目標下調(diào)到6.5%左右，這是否會對世界經(jīng)濟造成不利的影響？另外有人認為中國經(jīng)濟存在很多風險，特別是在金融方面的風險，中國是否能夠在世界經(jīng)濟疲軟這個大背景下繼續(xù)扮演世界經(jīng)濟的推動者這樣一個角色？謝謝。
Premier Li Keqiang: We set this year’s economic growth at 6.5 percent. I’ve read foreign media that described it as China’s “moderate downward adjustment.” As a matter of fact, I should point out that 6.5 percent is not a low rate and won’t be easy to achieve; I once visited the Shaolin Temple with some foreign friends for a martial arts performance. I saw that the young monks can do a dozen of somersaults at one go very easily, but it would be quite a feat for adult monks to do even several ? this is because of their different sizes. If we are able to achieve the 6.5 percent target this year, that will generate more economic output than last year, because this is achieved on the basis of 74 trillion yuan, or about US$11 trillion. This can generate 11 million jobs. It is in accordance with economic rules and this way we can focus more on the quality of China’s growth. I believe China will continue to be a strong driving force for the global economic growth.
李 克 強：我們把今年經(jīng)濟增速定在6.5%左右，我看到當時有外媒報道說中國是溫和下調(diào)了增速。其實，增長6.5%這個速度不低了，也很不容易。我曾經(jīng)在中國少林寺陪同外賓看過武僧表演，幾歲的小武僧一口氣翻十幾個跟頭不費勁，而練過十幾年武功的青年武僧翻三五個跟頭就了不得了，主要是塊頭大了。如果今年中國實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟增長目標，增量比去年還要大，因為這是在我們經(jīng)濟總量已經(jīng)超過74萬億元人民幣，相當于11萬億美元基礎(chǔ)上的增長，而且可以帶動1100萬人以上的就業(yè)。這符合經(jīng)濟規(guī)律，也可以使注意力更多地放到提高質(zhì)量和效益上來，對世界經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻率不會低，中國仍然是世界經(jīng)濟復蘇乏力情況下推動全球增長的重要力量。
As for risks, there are many uncertainties in the global economy and politics, and this can be a huge external risk. For China, lack of development will be the greatest risk. As long as we maintain a medium to high growth rate, we will be making a contribution to the global economy. Of course, we have some risks that we cannot neglect, for instance, financial risks as you mentioned. We are watching these risks closely and we will deal with them in time and with focused measures and won’t let them run rampant. Of course, I’ll point out that China’s financial industry is overall safe and does not have systematic risks. This is because we have a lot of tools at our hands. Our fiscal deficit is less than 3 percent, the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks stands at 13 percent and the provision coverage ratio is 176 percent ? all of these are better than many other countries, especially by the standards set by the international community. Therefore, we are able to avoid and Pvent risks. We will buckle up during our medium- to high-speed ride, so as not to have a sudden risk, or a regional or systematic risk. Thank you.
至于說到風險，今年世界經(jīng)濟政治不確定的因素很多，這是很大的外部風險。對中國來講，不發(fā)展是最大的風險。我們保持中高速的穩(wěn)定增長，本身就是在為世界穩(wěn)定做貢獻。當然，我們自己也有一些不可忽視的風險，剛剛你講到像金融領(lǐng)域。對于這些風險點，我們是高度關(guān)注的，發(fā)現(xiàn)了會及時處置、靶向治療，不會讓它蔓延。當然，我還必須要強調(diào)，中國金融體系總體是安全的，不會發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風險。因為我們有很多應對工具，儲備政策許多還沒有用。我們的財政赤字率沒超過3%，商業(yè)銀行資本充足率在13%，撥備覆蓋率176%，這些都超過許多國家，特別是國際所確定的相關(guān)標準。所以我們是有能力防范風險的，當然，我們在中高速行進當中也會系緊安全帶，不會讓風險“急性發(fā)作”，更不會發(fā)生區(qū)域性或者系統(tǒng)性的風險。謝謝。
Bloomberg: My Chinese is not good, sorry. The United States is shrinking its role in the global trade system, such as its withdrawal from the TPP. China seems to be poised to play a leadership role in global trade. You and President Xi Jinping both advocate free trade, an open economy and globalization. At the same time, China received criticism for unfair trade practices and measures for curbing opening speed. In the coming year, what will China do to make others believe that China is committed to free trade and open economy?
彭博社記者：我的中文不夠好，對不起。隨著美國收縮它在全球貿(mào)易體系中所發(fā)揮的作用，包括退出TPP，似乎中國愿意在全球貿(mào)易中發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導性作用。您和*主席都倡導自由貿(mào)易、開放型經(jīng)濟以及全球化。但同時我們看到，中國也在實施不公平貿(mào)易，開放自身經(jīng)濟速度還不快方面遭到批評。請問，在未來一年，中國方面會采取什么措施讓國際社會確信中國是要致力于推進自由貿(mào)易和開放型經(jīng)濟的？
Premier Li Keqiang: First, in a process of globalization that is faced with controversy and has suffered setbacks in some respects, China regularly advocates economic globalization and free trade. It shows clearly that China will promote opening-up. Actually, globalization benefits each country, even though some problems arise in the process, such as in the sector of distribution. We need to tackle these problems rather than reject globalization. China is willing to cooperate with other countries to enhance the global governance system. Globalization is inseparable from the development of world peace. The closed door and beggar-thy-neighbor policies cannot resolve problems.
李 克 強：首先，在全球化進程受到一些非議或者在某些方面有挫折的情況下，中國始終堅持一貫的立場，那就是：維護經(jīng)濟全球化，支持自由貿(mào)易。這本身就表明中國是要推動開放。實際上，全球化使各國都受益了，不過在這個過程中也有一些問題，像分配等方面，但它們不是全球化本身的問題，而是應對的問題。中方也愿意和世界各國一道來改善全球治理體系。全球化和世界的和平發(fā)展合作是一體的、不可分的。關(guān)起門來以鄰為壑，解決不了問題。
Like many other countries, China is the beneficiary of globalization as China is consistently advancing its opening-up. China’s priority is to realize its own development, but closing doors cannot realize that. We will continue to step up opening-up, which is a gradual process. In retrospect, we have been moving forward with the process over the past decades.
中國和世界許多國家一樣，是全球化的受益者，這其中也因為中國一直在堅持不斷地擴大開放。中國首先要把自己的事情辦好，但關(guān)起門來也辦不好自己的事情。所以我們的開放大門會越開越大。當然，開放是一個漸進的過程�；剡^頭來看，這幾十年來，我們的步伐一直是向前進的。
Last year, China was still the largest recipient of FDI among all developing countries, with the figure reaching US$126 billion. According to the eva luation on business environment in China made by the World Bank, China jumped 18 places last year compared with 2013. We advanced the construction of Shanghai FTZ, expanded the coverage scale to 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and will promote this across the whole country. We will hold the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation this year to put forward more opening-up measures. We proposed to establish a Free Trade Zone or make negotiations on investment trade treaties with many other countries. These are all two-way opening-up measures. We need to know that wider and deeper opening-up will bring about friction, but, it will ease. We are confident about the process. We will build up opening-up and attract more investment to share development opportunities with the whole world.
去年，我們吸引外資在發(fā)展中國家仍居首位，達到1260億美元。世界銀行對中國營商環(huán)境的評估，去年和2013年相比上升了18位。我們推動上海自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)建設，已經(jīng)逐步擴大到11個省區(qū)市，而且還會把普遍適用的經(jīng)驗向全國推廣。我們還要在今年舉辦“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇，不斷推出擴大開放的措施。我們也和很多國家提議，建立自由貿(mào)易區(qū)或者進行投資貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判，這些都是有利于雙向開放的措施。有一點我想大家要明確，就是你的開放力度越大，開放程度越深，這里面的摩擦相應就會越多，但是占的比例會越來越小。對此，我們是有信心的。我們就是要打造開放的高地、投資的熱土，和世界共享發(fā)展機遇。
As for Pserving global trade liberalization, it requires the joint effort of every country because the world belongs to everyone who lives in it. We always assume an open attitude to regional trade arrangements, including those established and those that are under discussion. We would also love to see progress in this regard. We will participate in and promote whatever facilitates trade liberalization. We Chinese understand that we have to seize with an open attitude the opportunities of globalization and not miss them, no matter what challenges we face.
至于維護全球貿(mào)易的自由化，這需要世界各國共同努力，因為天下是天下人的天下。我們對已經(jīng)達成或者希望達成的一些區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排一直持開放態(tài)度，也樂見其成。只要是有利于貿(mào)易自由化的，我們都會去參與、去推進，而且中國人明白，要用開放抓住全球化的機遇，不管有什么挑戰(zhàn)都不能錯過。
With regard to the arrangement on regional free trade, as long as China is involved and has the conditions to participate, we will assume an open attitude to promote it. We won’t meddle in others’ affairs. We won’t go beyond China’s regional scope to do things we shouldn’t. Thank you.
關(guān)于區(qū)域的自由貿(mào)易安排，涉及中國的，有條件的，我們持開放態(tài)度，愿意去進行推動。我們不會越俎代庖，不會超越區(qū)域去做不應是中國做的事情。謝謝。
People’s Daily: Mr. Premier, for the past four years, we have seen that you have been highly focused on streamlining administration and delegating power. We’ve also seen in this year’s government work report that the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third has been fulfilled ahead of schedule. So what about the remaining two thirds? Will this reform be pushed forward, and if so, what specific steps will be taken?
人民日報記者：總理您好。我們注意到這四年來您一直都抓住簡政放權(quán)這件事情不放松，今年政府工作報告也顯示，您所要求的本屆政府要精簡1/3的行政審批事項的任務已經(jīng)提前完成了，那么剩下的2/3呢？這項工作要不要繼續(xù)往下推進，如果要繼續(xù)的話您準備怎么推進？謝謝。
Premier Li Keqiang: The core of this reform is to transform government functions and balance the relations between the government and the market. This reform cannot be accomplished overnight. The goal of cutting the number of items that require government review has been met, but in this process we have actually discovered a whole variety of other problems involved. In addition to the requirement of government review and approval, there are also various requirements for administrative permits, certification of qualification and administrative fees for our businesses. So these will be the areas of focus for this government reform. Essentially, this reform will help the government focus on things that it should focus on, because some issues we used to be focused on in the past may tie down our businesses, cut government efficiency and even the government’s public credibility. So this is a self-targeted reform for the government, and we are fully determined to pushing it forward until our job is done no matter what obstacles or even resistance we may encounter.
李 克 強：簡政放權(quán)核心是要轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，處理好政府和市場的關(guān)系，這不是一朝一夕之功。我們的確已經(jīng)完成了本屆政府成立之初確定的任務，但是在推進的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)這里面的名堂多了，不僅是審批權(quán)，還有名目繁多的行政許可、資格認證、各種奇葩證明，讓企業(yè)不堪重負的收費等等，這些都屬于簡政放權(quán)要繼續(xù)推進的內(nèi)容。我們就是要在推進過程中，讓政府職能得到轉(zhuǎn)變，把更多的精力放到該管的事情上來。政府確實管了一些不該管、也不應屬于自己管的事情，它束縛了市場主體的手腳，降低了行政效率，甚至影響了政府的公信力。因此，我們必須進行自我革命，刀刃向內(nèi)，我一直說要用壯士斷腕的精神堅韌不拔地加以推進，不管遇到什么樣的問題，甚至會有較大阻力，但是要相信我們有足夠的韌性。
Streamlining administration, the integration of control and decontrol and regulation and improvement of government services form an integral whole. The government needs to improve its oversight during and after the process and provide better services for the businesses and people. When market access is widened, the government needs to ensure a fair playing field for all market entities, and violations of laws and regulations will be seriously dealt with, such as making and selling fake foods and goods, cheating the market place and violations of intellectual property rights. All these areas are of high concern to our general public, involving food, drug safety and environment, etc. The government also needs to use the internet and other technologies to ensure that government administrative services will be more easily accessible to our people. The government also needs to focus more on areas like poverty alleviation, rebuilding of shanty towns, providing compulsory education and meeting people’s basic health care needs, all of which concern people’s livelihood.
簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務是三位一體的，也就是政府要把更多的精力放到事中事后監(jiān)管和優(yōu)化對人民群眾的服務上，把市場的準入放寬了，那就要為市場主體公平競爭營造環(huán)境。對那些假冒偽劣、坑蒙拐騙、侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)以及涉及食品、藥品、環(huán)保等群眾密切關(guān)注的違法違規(guī)問題要堅決查處。我們要通過“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務服務”，讓群眾少跑腿、少煩心、多順心。要把更多的力量用于扶貧攻堅、棚戶區(qū)改造、義務教育、基本醫(yī)療等諸多民生關(guān)注的方面。
So what the government should do is to send a message of “Yes” to all law-abiding market entities, to flash the green “go ahead” light to all hard-working entrePneurs and innovators and to seriously deal with all violations of laws and regulation, showing them resolutely a yellow card, and even red card, to send them out of the market. Thank you.
簡言之，就是要向依法依規(guī)的市場主體發(fā)出“前行、前行、再前行”的信號；向依靠勞動創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新者亮起“可以、可以、再可以”的綠燈；對那些違法違規(guī)不良行為，就要及時亮出黃牌，甚至出紅牌罰他下場。謝謝。
