總理答中外記者問中英文對(duì)照全文
Premier Li Keqiang met reporters from home and abroad at a news conference on Wednesday at the end of the annual meeting of the National People’s Congress. Premier Li answered questions on various topics such as the economy, financial reforms and diplomacy.
3月15日本周三，國(guó)務(wù)院總理李 克 強(qiáng)在全國(guó)人大閉幕記者會(huì)上會(huì)見了中外記者，并就經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融改革、以及外交等事項(xiàng)答記者問。
Premier Li Keqiang: Just now, I heard the spokesperson say that today we have many journalists here. I heard that many of you arrived here 2 or 3 hours in advance. I thank you for your attention. Since we have limited time, I invite you to be direct with your questions.
李 克 強(qiáng)：剛才我聽主持人說由于來的人多，很多記者提前兩三個(gè)小時(shí)就到這里了，大家很辛苦，也充分表現(xiàn)了你們的職業(yè)精神，我對(duì)中外記者對(duì)中國(guó)兩會(huì)報(bào)道所付出的辛勞表示感謝。時(shí)間有限，我們單刀直入，我愿意回答記者朋友們提出的問題。
CNN: President Trump has consistently criticized China for stealing U.S. jobs, manipulating currency exchange and not doing enough to maintain regional security. I understand that President Xi and Trump may meet as early as next month. What do you expect to receive from the U.S.?
美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)記者：總理，早上好。特朗普總統(tǒng)一直對(duì)華發(fā)表一些批評(píng)性言論，表示中國(guó)偷竊了美國(guó)就業(yè)崗位，批評(píng)中國(guó)匯率政策以及中國(guó)在維護(hù)地區(qū)安全上做的不夠。我們還了解到，很有可能最早就在下個(gè)月，中美兩國(guó)元首可能會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)會(huì)晤。基于此，我們對(duì)于美國(guó)希望從中國(guó)得到什么已經(jīng)有了一些概念，我想問，中國(guó)希望從美國(guó)那兒得到什么？中國(guó)對(duì)于一個(gè)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展中美關(guān)系的底線是什么？您是否有信心實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展？還是覺得前路比較艱難？
Premier Li Keqiang: Your question reminded me of my speech last year in New York, when the U.S. Psidential campaign was white hot. I was asked how the China-US relations would develop when a new U.S. Psident takes office. My answer was that whoever becomes the new U.S. President, China-US relations will keep moving forward despite the changing circumstances.
李 克 強(qiáng)：你的提問讓我回想起去年9月份我去聯(lián)大出席系列高級(jí)別會(huì)議期間到美國(guó)紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)俱樂部演講，就有人向我提問，當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選正在白熱化階段，如果新的總統(tǒng)當(dāng)選，中美關(guān)系會(huì)不會(huì)有大的改變？我的回答是，不管誰當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，雖然中美關(guān)系經(jīng)歷過風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，但是一直前行，我對(duì)此持樂觀態(tài)度。
Soon after Trump became the U.S. Psident, he and President Xi Jinping talked on the phone. The two leaders re-emphasized the one-China principle. Many senior officials from both countries agreed to enhance China-US relations, too. The one-China principle is the corner stone of the China-US relations. This is the political basis on which China and the U.S. can continue to develop ties.
特朗普總統(tǒng)當(dāng)選以后，*主席和特朗普總統(tǒng)通了電話，兩位元首都表示要共同推進(jìn)中美關(guān)系向前發(fā)展。特朗普總統(tǒng)和美國(guó)新政府的高官也都明確表示，要堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國(guó)的政策，這是中美關(guān)系的政治基礎(chǔ)，不是風(fēng)云變幻能夠動(dòng)搖的，也動(dòng)搖不得。有了這樣一個(gè)政治基礎(chǔ)，中美合作的前景是廣闊的。
These days, the diplomatic departments are working on facilitating a meeting between the leaders of the two countries. Over the many decades since China and the U.S. established diplomatic ties, there have been many disagreements on employment, exchange rate and security issues, among other issues.
我們之所以對(duì)中美關(guān)系前行持樂觀態(tài)度，是因?yàn)橹忻澜ń粠资炅�，已�?jīng)有了廣泛的共同利益。當(dāng)然，我們之間也有分歧，比如你剛才提到的像在就業(yè)崗位、匯率等問題上有些看法不一，或者在安全問題上也有不同認(rèn)識(shí)。
Facing these differences, we should continue our exchanges and sit down to talk calmly to enhance communication. China-US relations not only affect the interests of the two countries but also regional and global peace and stability; this is why we need to keep our ties moving forward.
但是，我們雙方都需要保持戰(zhàn)略定力，加強(qiáng)溝通，坐下來談，增進(jìn)相互了解和理解，現(xiàn)在兩國(guó)外交部門正就兩國(guó)元首會(huì)晤進(jìn)行溝通。我想，中美關(guān)系不僅關(guān)系兩國(guó)利益，而且涉及到地區(qū)和世界的和平安全穩(wěn)定，我們要維護(hù)它前行。
In terms of trade issues, although China currently has a surplus, more than 90 percent of Chinese companies’ profits were taken by the United States. We have statistics showing that last year China-US trade and investment created more than one million jobs in the United States. But if we cannot reach an agreement at once, we can continue talking, which is what wise people do.
至于貿(mào)易問題，我在兩會(huì)參加代表團(tuán)討論時(shí)，有來自外貿(mào)企業(yè)的人大代表跟我說，雖然中方是貿(mào)易順差，但是企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品利潤(rùn)90%以上是美國(guó)企業(yè)拿走了，中國(guó)的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)拿到的利潤(rùn)最低只有2%?3%。據(jù)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，光去年一年，中美的貿(mào)易、投資給美國(guó)創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)崗位過百萬個(gè)。當(dāng)然，各方的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法可能不一，沒關(guān)系，我們坐下來談，總是會(huì)有共識(shí)，即便一時(shí)達(dá)不成共識(shí)，可以擱置分歧，智者的辦法是擴(kuò)大共同利益，分歧點(diǎn)所占比例就會(huì)更小。
Recently I read a report by a reputable foreign think tank. It said that if trade wars broke out between China and the United States, those suffering first would be foreign-funded enterprises in China, particularly those funded by the U.S. Our hope on the Chinese side is that trade relations will move forward in the positive direction. Chinese people and Americans are both great peoples. We have the wisdom to control our differences, and also have the need and conditions to enlarge our common interests. Thank you.
我想起前兩天看到國(guó)際上有一個(gè)權(quán)威智庫(kù)發(fā)表文章，他們認(rèn)為，如果中美發(fā)生貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的話，首先受損的是外資企業(yè)，首當(dāng)其沖的是美資企業(yè)。我們不希望看到打貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)帶不來貿(mào)易公平，而且雙方都受損。現(xiàn)在全世界都比較關(guān)心中美關(guān)系，中方希望，中美關(guān)系不管有什么樣的坎坷，還是要向前走、向好處走。中美兩國(guó)人民都是偉大的人民，我們有智慧來管控分歧，我們有需要也有條件來擴(kuò)大共同利益。謝謝。
China National Radio: The growth rate of the Chinese economy has slowed in recent years. This year, China has set its GDP growth target at around 6.5 percent. Will this adversely affect the global economy? Moreover, some people think that there are some risks in the Chinese economy, especially in the financial sector. Do you think that the Chinese economy can still remain the global economic engine driving the global economy while global economic growth is sluggish?
中央人民廣播電臺(tái)記者：總理您好，我們注意到這幾年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)速度在持續(xù)放緩，今年又把經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的預(yù)期目標(biāo)下調(diào)到6.5%左右，這是否會(huì)對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)造成不利的影響？另外有人認(rèn)為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)存在很多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，特別是在金融方面的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，中國(guó)是否能夠在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟這個(gè)大背景下繼續(xù)扮演世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的推動(dòng)者這樣一個(gè)角色？謝謝。
Premier Li Keqiang: We set this year’s economic growth at 6.5 percent. I’ve read foreign media that described it as China’s “moderate downward adjustment.” As a matter of fact, I should point out that 6.5 percent is not a low rate and won’t be easy to achieve; I once visited the Shaolin Temple with some foreign friends for a martial arts performance. I saw that the young monks can do a dozen of somersaults at one go very easily, but it would be quite a feat for adult monks to do even several ? this is because of their different sizes. If we are able to achieve the 6.5 percent target this year, that will generate more economic output than last year, because this is achieved on the basis of 74 trillion yuan, or about US$11 trillion. This can generate 11 million jobs. It is in accordance with economic rules and this way we can focus more on the quality of China’s growth. I believe China will continue to be a strong driving force for the global economic growth.
李 克 強(qiáng)：我們把今年經(jīng)濟(jì)增速定在6.5%左右，我看到當(dāng)時(shí)有外媒報(bào)道說中國(guó)是溫和下調(diào)了增速。其實(shí)，增長(zhǎng)6.5%這個(gè)速度不低了，也很不容易。我曾經(jīng)在中國(guó)少林寺陪同外賓看過武僧表演，幾歲的小武僧一口氣翻十幾個(gè)跟頭不費(fèi)勁，而練過十幾年武功的青年武僧翻三五個(gè)跟頭就了不得了，主要是塊頭大了。如果今年中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)，增量比去年還要大，因?yàn)檫@是在我們經(jīng)濟(jì)總量已經(jīng)超過74萬億元人民幣，相當(dāng)于11萬億美元基礎(chǔ)上的增長(zhǎng)，而且可以帶動(dòng)1100萬人以上的就業(yè)。這符合經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律，也可以使注意力更多地放到提高質(zhì)量和效益上來，對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)率不會(huì)低，中國(guó)仍然是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇乏力情況下推動(dòng)全球增長(zhǎng)的重要力量。
As for risks, there are many uncertainties in the global economy and politics, and this can be a huge external risk. For China, lack of development will be the greatest risk. As long as we maintain a medium to high growth rate, we will be making a contribution to the global economy. Of course, we have some risks that we cannot neglect, for instance, financial risks as you mentioned. We are watching these risks closely and we will deal with them in time and with focused measures and won’t let them run rampant. Of course, I’ll point out that China’s financial industry is overall safe and does not have systematic risks. This is because we have a lot of tools at our hands. Our fiscal deficit is less than 3 percent, the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks stands at 13 percent and the provision coverage ratio is 176 percent ? all of these are better than many other countries, especially by the standards set by the international community. Therefore, we are able to avoid and Pvent risks. We will buckle up during our medium- to high-speed ride, so as not to have a sudden risk, or a regional or systematic risk. Thank you.
至于說到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，今年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)政治不確定的因素很多，這是很大的外部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對(duì)中國(guó)來講，不發(fā)展是最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。我們保持中高速的穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)，本身就是在為世界穩(wěn)定做貢獻(xiàn)。當(dāng)然，我們自己也有一些不可忽視的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，剛剛你講到像金融領(lǐng)域。對(duì)于這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)，我們是高度關(guān)注的，發(fā)現(xiàn)了會(huì)及時(shí)處置、靶向治療，不會(huì)讓它蔓延。當(dāng)然，我還必須要強(qiáng)調(diào)，中國(guó)金融體系總體是安全的，不會(huì)發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因?yàn)槲覀冇泻芏鄳?yīng)對(duì)工具，儲(chǔ)備政策許多還沒有用。我們的財(cái)政赤字率沒超過3%，商業(yè)銀行資本充足率在13%，撥備覆蓋率176%，這些都超過許多國(guó)家，特別是國(guó)際所確定的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以我們是有能力防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的，當(dāng)然，我們?cè)谥懈咚傩羞M(jìn)當(dāng)中也會(huì)系緊安全帶，不會(huì)讓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)“急性發(fā)作”，更不會(huì)發(fā)生區(qū)域性或者系統(tǒng)性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。謝謝。
Bloomberg: My Chinese is not good, sorry. The United States is shrinking its role in the global trade system, such as its withdrawal from the TPP. China seems to be poised to play a leadership role in global trade. You and President Xi Jinping both advocate free trade, an open economy and globalization. At the same time, China received criticism for unfair trade practices and measures for curbing opening speed. In the coming year, what will China do to make others believe that China is committed to free trade and open economy?
彭博社記者：我的中文不夠好，對(duì)不起。隨著美國(guó)收縮它在全球貿(mào)易體系中所發(fā)揮的作用，包括退出TPP，似乎中國(guó)愿意在全球貿(mào)易中發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)性作用。您和*主席都倡導(dǎo)自由貿(mào)易、開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)以及全球化。但同時(shí)我們看到，中國(guó)也在實(shí)施不公平貿(mào)易，開放自身經(jīng)濟(jì)速度還不快方面遭到批評(píng)。請(qǐng)問，在未來一年，中國(guó)方面會(huì)采取什么措施讓國(guó)際社會(huì)確信中國(guó)是要致力于推進(jìn)自由貿(mào)易和開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)的？
Premier Li Keqiang: First, in a process of globalization that is faced with controversy and has suffered setbacks in some respects, China regularly advocates economic globalization and free trade. It shows clearly that China will promote opening-up. Actually, globalization benefits each country, even though some problems arise in the process, such as in the sector of distribution. We need to tackle these problems rather than reject globalization. China is willing to cooperate with other countries to enhance the global governance system. Globalization is inseparable from the development of world peace. The closed door and beggar-thy-neighbor policies cannot resolve problems.
李 克 強(qiáng)：首先，在全球化進(jìn)程受到一些非議或者在某些方面有挫折的情況下，中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持一貫的立場(chǎng)，那就是：維護(hù)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，支持自由貿(mào)易。這本身就表明中國(guó)是要推動(dòng)開放。實(shí)際上，全球化使各國(guó)都受益了，不過在這個(gè)過程中也有一些問題，像分配等方面，但它們不是全球化本身的問題，而是應(yīng)對(duì)的問題。中方也愿意和世界各國(guó)一道來改善全球治理體系。全球化和世界的和平發(fā)展合作是一體的、不可分的。關(guān)起門來以鄰為壑，解決不了問題。
Like many other countries, China is the beneficiary of globalization as China is consistently advancing its opening-up. China’s priority is to realize its own development, but closing doors cannot realize that. We will continue to step up opening-up, which is a gradual process. In retrospect, we have been moving forward with the process over the past decades.
中國(guó)和世界許多國(guó)家一樣，是全球化的受益者，這其中也因?yàn)橹袊?guó)一直在堅(jiān)持不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大開放。中國(guó)首先要把自己的事情辦好，但關(guān)起門來也辦不好自己的事情。所以我們的開放大門會(huì)越開越大。當(dāng)然，開放是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程。回過頭來看，這幾十年來，我們的步伐一直是向前進(jìn)的。
Last year, China was still the largest recipient of FDI among all developing countries, with the figure reaching US$126 billion. According to the eva luation on business environment in China made by the World Bank, China jumped 18 places last year compared with 2013. We advanced the construction of Shanghai FTZ, expanded the coverage scale to 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and will promote this across the whole country. We will hold the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation this year to put forward more opening-up measures. We proposed to establish a Free Trade Zone or make negotiations on investment trade treaties with many other countries. These are all two-way opening-up measures. We need to know that wider and deeper opening-up will bring about friction, but, it will ease. We are confident about the process. We will build up opening-up and attract more investment to share development opportunities with the whole world.
去年，我們吸引外資在發(fā)展中國(guó)家仍居首位，達(dá)到1260億美元。世界銀行對(duì)中國(guó)營(yíng)商環(huán)境的評(píng)估，去年和2013年相比上升了18位。我們推動(dòng)上海自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)建設(shè)，已經(jīng)逐步擴(kuò)大到11個(gè)省區(qū)市，而且還會(huì)把普遍適用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)向全國(guó)推廣。我們還要在今年舉辦“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇，不斷推出擴(kuò)大開放的措施。我們也和很多國(guó)家提議，建立自由貿(mào)易區(qū)或者進(jìn)行投資貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判，這些都是有利于雙向開放的措施。有一點(diǎn)我想大家要明確，就是你的開放力度越大，開放程度越深，這里面的摩擦相應(yīng)就會(huì)越多，但是占的比例會(huì)越來越小。對(duì)此，我們是有信心的。我們就是要打造開放的高地、投資的熱土，和世界共享發(fā)展機(jī)遇。
As for Pserving global trade liberalization, it requires the joint effort of every country because the world belongs to everyone who lives in it. We always assume an open attitude to regional trade arrangements, including those established and those that are under discussion. We would also love to see progress in this regard. We will participate in and promote whatever facilitates trade liberalization. We Chinese understand that we have to seize with an open attitude the opportunities of globalization and not miss them, no matter what challenges we face.
至于維護(hù)全球貿(mào)易的自由化，這需要世界各國(guó)共同努力，因?yàn)樘煜率翘煜氯说奶煜隆Ｎ覀儗?duì)已經(jīng)達(dá)成或者希望達(dá)成的一些區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排一直持開放態(tài)度，也樂見其成。只要是有利于貿(mào)易自由化的，我們都會(huì)去參與、去推進(jìn)，而且中國(guó)人明白，要用開放抓住全球化的機(jī)遇，不管有什么挑戰(zhàn)都不能錯(cuò)過。
With regard to the arrangement on regional free trade, as long as China is involved and has the conditions to participate, we will assume an open attitude to promote it. We won’t meddle in others’ affairs. We won’t go beyond China’s regional scope to do things we shouldn’t. Thank you.
關(guān)于區(qū)域的自由貿(mào)易安排，涉及中國(guó)的，有條件的，我們持開放態(tài)度，愿意去進(jìn)行推動(dòng)。我們不會(huì)越俎代庖，不會(huì)超越區(qū)域去做不應(yīng)是中國(guó)做的事情。謝謝。
People’s Daily: Mr. Premier, for the past four years, we have seen that you have been highly focused on streamlining administration and delegating power. We’ve also seen in this year’s government work report that the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third has been fulfilled ahead of schedule. So what about the remaining two thirds? Will this reform be pushed forward, and if so, what specific steps will be taken?
人民日?qǐng)?bào)記者：總理您好。我們注意到這四年來您一直都抓住簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)這件事情不放松，今年政府工作報(bào)告也顯示，您所要求的本屆政府要精簡(jiǎn)1/3的行政審批事項(xiàng)的任務(wù)已經(jīng)提前完成了，那么剩下的2/3呢？這項(xiàng)工作要不要繼續(xù)往下推進(jìn)，如果要繼續(xù)的話您準(zhǔn)備怎么推進(jìn)？謝謝。
Premier Li Keqiang: The core of this reform is to transform government functions and balance the relations between the government and the market. This reform cannot be accomplished overnight. The goal of cutting the number of items that require government review has been met, but in this process we have actually discovered a whole variety of other problems involved. In addition to the requirement of government review and approval, there are also various requirements for administrative permits, certification of qualification and administrative fees for our businesses. So these will be the areas of focus for this government reform. Essentially, this reform will help the government focus on things that it should focus on, because some issues we used to be focused on in the past may tie down our businesses, cut government efficiency and even the government’s public credibility. So this is a self-targeted reform for the government, and we are fully determined to pushing it forward until our job is done no matter what obstacles or even resistance we may encounter.
李 克 強(qiáng)：簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)核心是要轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，處理好政府和市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系，這不是一朝一夕之功。我們的確已經(jīng)完成了本屆政府成立之初確定的任務(wù)，但是在推進(jìn)的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)這里面的名堂多了，不僅是審批權(quán)，還有名目繁多的行政許可、資格認(rèn)證、各種奇葩證明，讓企業(yè)不堪重負(fù)的收費(fèi)等等，這些都屬于簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)要繼續(xù)推進(jìn)的內(nèi)容。我們就是要在推進(jìn)過程中，讓政府職能得到轉(zhuǎn)變，把更多的精力放到該管的事情上來。政府確實(shí)管了一些不該管、也不應(yīng)屬于自己管的事情，它束縛了市場(chǎng)主體的手腳，降低了行政效率，甚至影響了政府的公信力。因此，我們必須進(jìn)行自我革命，刀刃向內(nèi)，我一直說要用壯士斷腕的精神堅(jiān)韌不拔地加以推進(jìn)，不管遇到什么樣的問題，甚至?xí)休^大阻力，但是要相信我們有足夠的韌性。
Streamlining administration, the integration of control and decontrol and regulation and improvement of government services form an integral whole. The government needs to improve its oversight during and after the process and provide better services for the businesses and people. When market access is widened, the government needs to ensure a fair playing field for all market entities, and violations of laws and regulations will be seriously dealt with, such as making and selling fake foods and goods, cheating the market place and violations of intellectual property rights. All these areas are of high concern to our general public, involving food, drug safety and environment, etc. The government also needs to use the internet and other technologies to ensure that government administrative services will be more easily accessible to our people. The government also needs to focus more on areas like poverty alleviation, rebuilding of shanty towns, providing compulsory education and meeting people’s basic health care needs, all of which concern people’s livelihood.
簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)是三位一體的，也就是政府要把更多的精力放到事中事后監(jiān)管和優(yōu)化對(duì)人民群眾的服務(wù)上，把市場(chǎng)的準(zhǔn)入放寬了，那就要為市場(chǎng)主體公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)營(yíng)造環(huán)境。對(duì)那些假冒偽劣、坑蒙拐騙、侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)以及涉及食品、藥品、環(huán)保等群眾密切關(guān)注的違法違規(guī)問題要堅(jiān)決查處。我們要通過“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)”，讓群眾少跑腿、少煩心、多順心。要把更多的力量用于扶貧攻堅(jiān)、棚戶區(qū)改造、義務(wù)教育、基本醫(yī)療等諸多民生關(guān)注的方面。
So what the government should do is to send a message of “Yes” to all law-abiding market entities, to flash the green “go ahead” light to all hard-working entrePneurs and innovators and to seriously deal with all violations of laws and regulation, showing them resolutely a yellow card, and even red card, to send them out of the market. Thank you.
簡(jiǎn)言之，就是要向依法依規(guī)的市場(chǎng)主體發(fā)出“前行、前行、再前行”的信號(hào)；向依靠勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新者亮起“可以、可以、再可以”的綠燈；對(duì)那些違法違規(guī)不良行為，就要及時(shí)亮出黃牌，甚至出紅牌罰他下場(chǎng)。謝謝。
