【1】可數(shù)one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few不可數(shù) much, (a) little可數(shù)/不可數(shù) one, any, other, all, some復(fù)合不定代詞 anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothingall:指三者或三者以上的所有,可以作形容詞修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù),作代詞,可作主語、賓語或同位語;后可接of介詞短語。
both:指“兩者都”,可以作形容詞修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù),作代詞,可作主語、賓語或同位語;后可接of介詞短語。each:“每一個(gè)”,一般指兩者中的每一個(gè),也可指許多中的每一個(gè);可以作形容詞修飾名詞單數(shù),作代詞,可作主語、賓語或同位語;后可接of介詞短語。There are trees on each side / both sides of the river.Each of us has a chance to go to university.We each have a dictionary.every:三者或三者以上中的每一個(gè),是形容詞,只能作定語,后面不能接of介詞短語。either:指“兩者中一個(gè)”或“兩者中無論哪一個(gè)”,可以作形容詞修飾名詞單數(shù),作代詞作主語、賓語;后可接of介詞短語。If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat.I don’t like either of them. Do you have any other blouse?兩者both(都) either(任何) neither(都不)兩者(以上) all(都) any(任何) none(都不)
【2】another任何一個(gè),另一個(gè)。 指三者或三者以上中的任何一個(gè),用作代詞或形容詞。如:I don’t like this coat. Show me another, please.other另外的 只作定語,常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用;但如果前面有the, this, that some, any, each, every, no, one 及my, your, his 等時(shí),則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。如:any other plant, every other day。the other兩者中的另一個(gè) 常與one 連用,構(gòu)成:one … the other… 一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……;作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),表示“全部其余的”others泛指別的人或物 是other 的復(fù)數(shù)形式,泛指別的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定語,構(gòu)成some…others…the others特指其余的人或物,是the other 的復(fù)數(shù)形式,特指其余的人或物。
【3】since, for, because, as表原因的用法區(qū)別:because:表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的問題。because與so不能同時(shí)并列使用。since:表示對(duì)方已知的,無須加以說明的既成事實(shí)的理由。譯為“既然”。as:表示十分明顯的原因,一般說明因果關(guān)系。for:常出現(xiàn)在并列句中,不說明主句行為的直接原因,只提供補(bǔ)充說明,且不可位于句首。
【4】when,while與as的用法:均可表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,但有區(qū)別:when:既可接表示動(dòng)作性或短暫性的動(dòng)詞,也可接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,不強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。有時(shí)還有“這時(shí)”的意思。while:常接持續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。有時(shí)還有對(duì)比意義,意為“然而”。as:強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生或伴隨進(jìn)行。常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí),意為“一邊……一邊……”。有時(shí)還有“隨著”含義。
【5】a number of / the number of “數(shù)量”不同:a number of…意思是“一些,若干”(= some),后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 a number of…詞組中還可以加入形容詞表示數(shù)量大或小等(例如:a large/small number of…許多/少數(shù)……)。the number of…意思是“……的數(shù)字/數(shù)目”,介詞of同其后名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語,修飾the number.當(dāng)它作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:Many people took part in 10,000-metre race, but only a number of them kept on running to the end. 許多人參加了10000米跑,但只有一些人堅(jiān)持跑到底。A number of my friends think I should take a holiday. 我的一些朋友認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該休假。The number of students is about twenty. 學(xué)生人數(shù)大約是20人左右。
【6】protect…(from) doing sthPvent/stop…(from) doing sthkeep…from doingkeep…doing
【7】live:活著,有生命的(作定語,主要用來指鳥或其他動(dòng)物),實(shí)況直播的lively:活潑的,有生氣的,生動(dòng)的alive:活著的,還有氣兒的,是表語形容詞,在句中作表語或后置定語living:活著,健在的,現(xiàn)行的
【8】turn+adj:常表示從某種狀態(tài)向其他狀態(tài)變化的自然現(xiàn)象 The weather has turned much colder.go+adj:常表示由好變壞的情況:The milk went wrong/bad.become+adj:強(qiáng)調(diào)施動(dòng)者的作用或變化的結(jié)果。 Please don’t get angry.come+adj:一般表示向好的方面變化。 My dream has come true.
【9】agree 同意某人的計(jì)劃、安排、意見agree sth:與…一致/符合agree sb:同意某人agree with one’s idea/opinion 同意某人的意見agree what sb said (觀點(diǎn),所說的話)agree to on’s plan/ suggestionagree about/on/upon sth同意做某事agree to do sthagree that-clause
【10】late:晚,遲,不久前l(fā)ately=recently:近來last:最后,最后的latest:最近的,最新的later:后來;結(jié)構(gòu)常為:一段時(shí)間+later:過了…之后
57個(gè)中考必備句型
1 as soon as 2 as…as
3 as…as possible 4 ask sb. for sth.
5 ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth. 6 ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth.
7 be afraid of doing/that 8 be busy doing sth.
9 be famous/late/ready/sorry for… 10 be glad that
11 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell…sth. to sb.
12 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sb. sth.
13 either…or 14 enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on doing sth.
15 find it + adj to do sth. 16 get + 比較級(jí)
17 get ready for/get sth. Ready 18 had better (not) do sth.
19 help sb. (to) do/help sb.with 20 I don’t think that
21 I would like to /Would you like to…? 22 is one of the + 最高級(jí) + n(pl.)…
23 It is +adj. for sb. to do sth. 24 It is a good idea to do sth.
25 It is the second + 最高級(jí) +n. 26 It looks like …/It sounds like …
27 It seems to sb. that… 28 It sounds +adj. /It looks +adj.
29 It takes sb some time. to do sth. 30 It’s bad/good for…
31 It’s time for…/to do sth. 32 It’s two meters (years) long (high, old).
33 keep sb. Doing 34 keep/make sth. +adj.
35 like to do / like doing 36 make / let sb.(not) do sth.
37 neither…nor 38 not…at all
39 not…until 40 One…the other…/Some… others…
41 Pfer…to 42 see/hear sb. do(doing) sth.
43 so…that 44 spend…on /(in) doing sth.
45 stop to do /stop doing 46 such a +adj. +n. that…
47 take/bring sth with sb. 48 thank sb for sth.
49 The more…the better 50 There is sth. wrong with…
51 too…to 52 used to
53 What about /How about…? 54 What’s the matter with…?
55 What’s wrong…? 56 Why not…?
57 Will (would, could) you please…?