高考英語“七選五閱讀”答題技巧與專題訓(xùn)練
【考點(diǎn)歸納】
“七選五”型閱讀理解題，試題模式為：給出一篇缺少五個(gè)句子的文章，對(duì)應(yīng)有七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處�！犊荚囌f明》對(duì)該題型命題目的的表述為“主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握�！�
此題型文章中有5處空白，在閱讀過程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主題、作者的寫作意圖，就很難順暢地讀下去、讀明白，自然就很難選出正確答案。而一個(gè)空填錯(cuò)勢(shì)必又影響到對(duì)另外一個(gè)空的選擇。另外，此題有5個(gè)空白處，卻提供7個(gè)選項(xiàng)，因此有2個(gè)選項(xiàng)是多余的干擾選項(xiàng)，從而又加大了選出正確答案的難度。
該題型要求同學(xué)們從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握。
“七選五閱讀”常見設(shè)題類型
一）詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)型
“詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)”是指屬于同一詞匯搭配范疇或者某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章前后復(fù)現(xiàn)，根據(jù)復(fù)現(xiàn)的詞匯進(jìn)行選擇是一個(gè)重要的參考點(diǎn)，能幫助考生盡快縮小范圍。一般來說，上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。
【2015?全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】
39.________ If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we'll have our trust tested or violated.
? You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40.________ Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.
【解析】
39．C 根據(jù)后句“If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.”可知此段主要講述不要一直認(rèn)為自己是受害者。Victim一詞是復(fù)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。故選C。
40. G。根據(jù)前一句Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.和后一句Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. Positive一詞是復(fù)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。故選G。
【答題技巧】
1）從意思上判斷
在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再利用線索特征詞等進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)答案。
2）從詞匯上鎖定線索
做題時(shí)很重要的一點(diǎn)是保持對(duì)一些線索詞的敏感，最主要的線索特征詞是空白前后的名詞和動(dòng)詞，尋找答案時(shí)注意在選項(xiàng)中查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語等。其次是代詞、數(shù)詞、表示時(shí)間/年代的詞、地點(diǎn)/名稱等專有名詞等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。
3）從關(guān)聯(lián)詞上查找
由于英語的句段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示銜接和過渡，使文章邏輯更清楚和連貫，因此文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標(biāo)性信號(hào)詞在選擇答案時(shí)都是很重要的線索。在做題時(shí)可將這三個(gè)層面的線索很好地結(jié)合起來。例如，在看到表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí)，一般表示前后句子的名詞或句意具有同指性；而表示轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系的詞則往往表示前后句子的名詞同指，但句意對(duì)立，或褒貶對(duì)立或肯否對(duì)立；而表示例證關(guān)系的詞則意味著在舉例之前或之后有表述概念或某一觀點(diǎn)的句子，往往會(huì)有復(fù)數(shù)名詞出現(xiàn)。上一段材料中第40題后面的Instead一詞就是很重要的一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞。
【基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)】
【2016?全國(guó)卷Ⅲ】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. __16__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. __17__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
__18__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. __19__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. __20__ First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (調(diào)料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E．The fish will go bad within hours.
F．When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G．The fats in fish are thought to help Pvent heart disease.
【解析】
16.G。由上一句的Everyone knows that fish is good for health.可知下一句很自然會(huì)談到The fats in fish are thought to help Pvent heart disease.
17. D 上文提及“買魚、貯存魚和烹飪魚不難”，下一句說“本文就是有關(guān)如何購(gòu)買魚，并用簡(jiǎn)易的方法烹飪魚的”，所以空格處應(yīng)該是說“買魚、儲(chǔ)存魚和烹飪魚要求具備一些相關(guān)的知識(shí)”。故選D項(xiàng)。
18. F 由空格后的句子說“新鮮的魚聞起來應(yīng)該味道鮮美”可知上一句應(yīng)該是說“你買魚的時(shí)候應(yīng)該首先聞一聞”。故選F項(xiàng)。
19. A 由上一句說“任何魚腥味或者難聞的腥臭味都意味著魚不新鮮了”可知下一句應(yīng)該是說 “不要買這樣的魚”。故選A項(xiàng)。
20. B 空格前的句子說“烹飪魚有多種常見的方法”，后面介紹蒸魚的步驟，由此可知空格處的句子應(yīng)該是關(guān)于蒸魚的。故選B項(xiàng)。
【能力提升】
【2016?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
●___17
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回憶)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G
【解析】
16.F。文章第一句以問題的形式引出主題，很自然地會(huì)過渡到F選項(xiàng)，“你也可以在自己的花園里...”
17.A 根據(jù)本段前兩句“Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).”可知不同人對(duì)花園有不同的看法，再倒數(shù)第二句“然而，有很多能夠解釋你為什么想做園藝的原因”可知我們首先要搞清楚為什么要做園藝。故A項(xiàng)正確。
18.E 本段前兩句提出有些人認(rèn)為花園只是一些花花草草，有些人關(guān)心少用水少用廢料。本句仍然在說明人們對(duì)園藝的不同看法。故E項(xiàng)“還有其他人只是喜歡在戶外接觸植物”與上下文一致，也是人們對(duì)于園藝的觀點(diǎn)。
19.C 根據(jù)前句“......那些都不重要”可知?jiǎng)澗�句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在園藝中對(duì)我們來說真正重要的是什么。故C項(xiàng)“重要的是我們搞園藝的經(jīng)歷”符合上下文串聯(lián)。
20.G 本部分介紹如果我們自己建一個(gè)花園，要回憶一下年輕的時(shí)候所看到的那些花園，并把這些花園的優(yōu)點(diǎn)寫下來，然后制定計(jì)劃并把自己的計(jì)劃變成美麗的花園。故G項(xiàng)與上下文一致。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
七選五閱讀中最常見的設(shè)空在段首的方法，通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的特征詞，推斷出主題句。17.題我們根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我們首先要知道為什么要搞園藝。故A項(xiàng)為本段主題句。
當(dāng)七選五閱讀設(shè)空在句首時(shí)，還可能存在以下兩種情況：
1. 屬于段落間的過渡句。這時(shí)要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)地銜接起來，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。
2. 與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號(hào)詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會(huì)有某種的銜接手段，尤其當(dāng)選項(xiàng)是幾句話時(shí)。比如，如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間年代時(shí)，往往要注意與原文中年代的前后對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。
【終極闖關(guān)】
【2016?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Secret codes (密碼)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
38 You might rePsent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【答案】
36.-40 D E G.F A
【解析】
36.D�？疾樯舷挛牡呐袛嗪屠斫饽芰�。由后一句內(nèi)容可知該句和code breaking 有關(guān)。
37.E考查對(duì)上下文的理解和判斷能力。后面舉的例子是來證明人們?cè)O(shè)置密碼時(shí)往往會(huì)利用一些單詞的第一個(gè)字母來作為密碼，由此判斷E選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容符合語境邏輯。
38.G考查對(duì)上下文的理解和判斷能力。根據(jù)后面的解釋內(nèi)容可以判斷這是介紹密碼設(shè)置的又一種方法，故G選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.符合語境。
39.F考查對(duì)上下文的理解和判斷能力。根據(jù)后面的舉例以及前句中的 a code book可以判斷該句是介紹密碼書的使用，故判斷F選項(xiàng)With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.可以起到承上啟下的作用。
40.A考查對(duì)上下文的理解和判斷能力。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折可知盡管利用密碼書可以破譯密碼，但是一本密碼書也不會(huì)使用很久的時(shí)間，故判斷A選項(xiàng)It is very hard to break a code without the code book.符合語境。
二）代詞指代型
英語表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。
【2015?全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences. 36.________ Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
B．It is putting confidence in someone.
【解析】36．B 根據(jù)前一句“Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences.”可知選B。選項(xiàng)B中的it代指上文出現(xiàn)的trust。
【2015?全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】
When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.__37__．As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to Pvent injuries.
E． If they still feel good，you can begin running in them
【解析】37.E。選項(xiàng)中代詞them指的是上文提到的shoes。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
1)如果問題在段首
(a)通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。
(b)與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號(hào)詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會(huì)有某種的銜接手段。
(c)段落間的過渡句。這時(shí)要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)地銜接起來，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。
2)如果問題在段尾
(a)空白前的一句或兩句是重點(diǎn)語句，重點(diǎn)閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。
(b)通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等詞語，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。
(c)與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系。
(d)與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系。在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)全說明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，因此根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的特征詞，通常在選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列/遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他信號(hào)線索。前面的一句與正確答案的第一句是緊密相連的。要特別注意閱讀這樣相連的兩句，通常會(huì)找到關(guān)鍵的線索詞句。
(e)所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來。
(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。
3)如果問題是一整個(gè)自然段
(a)這個(gè)段落應(yīng)該是承上啟下，而且自成一體，即有一個(gè)段落的中心，因此可重點(diǎn)閱讀選項(xiàng)中較長(zhǎng)的選項(xiàng)，以此類推直至找到正確答案。
(b)著重閱讀前一段結(jié)尾和后一段開頭的一兩句查找相關(guān)的線索，而且重要線索通常會(huì)在后一段開頭，因此后一段開頭往往比前一段結(jié)尾更為重要。
(c)分析段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意段落間的銜接手段。將選項(xiàng)代入原文，如果前后內(nèi)容連貫，符合邏輯，就能得出正確答案。
【基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)】
【湖南省郴州市2017屆高三上學(xué)期第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Do you want to know how to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle? Here is a short list of ways that you can help protect the environment.
★Prevent energy leaks（泄漏）at home.
Heating and cooling can make up to 50 percent of your energy bill each month. 36 So you'll save money and reduce your influence on the environment.
★Plant trees in your yard and community.
Everyone knows that planting trees can help the environment. 37 Trees cool your home, reducing the energy used for cooling. Trees improve mental health. Trees reduce noise pollution.
★ 38
If you use ceiling fans during hot summer days, you can create a cooling environment. A few ceiling or regular fans properly placed in your home can reduce the amount of time you spend with the air conditioning on.
★Use solar energy more often.
39 There are lots of inexpensive solar products you can try out. For example, solar-powered lights. How about solar cell phone chargers? Additionally, there are many forms of passive solar energy that can help you take advantage of the sun.
★Think about green transportation.
Just sit and think about a few environmentally friendly ways you can get from one place to another. 40 You can walk or bike to the corner store. Walking instead of driving to a store is a great way to help the environment!
A. Trees have many good influences.
B. Use natural wind to dry your clothes.
C. There are many ways to use solar power.
D. Use ceiling fans to cool off in summer.
E. You can take a bus when going to the movie theater.
F. Turn off lights and electronic devices when you're not using them.
G. You can heat and cool your home more efficiently by fixing leaks.
【解析】
36.G。特征提示關(guān)鍵詞是leaks。
37.A 考查對(duì)上下文語境的理解。空前的意思是：每個(gè)人都知道種樹對(duì)環(huán)境有益；空后的意思是：樹木能使你的家里變的涼爽。所以這里選A（樹木有很多好的作用。）與上下文一致。
38.D考查對(duì)上下文語境的理解。空后的意思是：如果你夏天用吊扇，那么你就創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)清爽的能源。所以這里選D（在夏天用吊扇來散涼。）與上下文一致。
39.C考查對(duì)上下文語境的理解。空前的意思是：更多的使用太陽能。空后的意思是：有很多便宜的太陽能產(chǎn)品，你可以試試。所以這里選C（有很多方式使用太陽能。）與上下文一致。
40.E考查對(duì)上下文語境的理解。空前的意思是：坐著想想還有什么從這兒到那兒的環(huán)境友好的生活方式。空后的意思是：你可以步行或者騎自行車到街角的商店。所以這里選E（當(dāng)你去電影院的時(shí)候你可以乘公交車。）與上下文一致。
【能力提升】
【河南省開封市2017屆高三上學(xué)期定位考試（10月）英語試題】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Nowadays it’s not easy to find a suitable job. Follow these tips, and possibly you can find a job that suits your personality.
● List your strong and weak points
Before you start your job search, take some time to think about your strong and weak points. 36 If you are excellent at managing your time, for example, a job in project management, or one that involves organizing others, could be perfect.
● Ask others for their opinions
Although you should know yourself better than anyone else, there are times when a second opinion is needed. 37 They may come up with ideas that you haven’t considered. You should, however, make sure that they aren’t so protective of you that they persuade you not to push yourself, or encourage you so much that you aim too high.
● Find out what potential jobs involve
38 Make sure you do as much research as possible to determine exactly what you will have to do. An office job may sound very safe if you are shy, but if you then find that you have to give regular Psentations, you may not be cut out for it after all.
● 39
When looking for a job, many people have an idea of what they would like to be in the future. However, that is often little more than a dream and, even if it’ s possible to reach that goal, it may involve years of hard work that you don’t enjoy. 40 If you can find a job that mirrors what makes you happy in life, it is likely that you will enjoy it and it will match your personality type.
A.Take a personality test
B. Consider what delights you
C. Think about what makes you happy and then analyze why.
D. Finding a job that suits your personality is very easy and interesting.
E. Ask your friends and family what sort of job they think would suit you best.
F. Sometimes, it isn’t immediately obvious what a job will involve until you start it.
G, More importantly, think about how they would affect your ability to do particular jobs.
高考英語“七選五閱讀”答題技巧與專題訓(xùn)練
37.E 考查對(duì)上下文語境的理解。空前的意思是：盡管你比任何人都更了解自己，但是有時(shí)候有一個(gè)不同的觀點(diǎn)也是需要的；空后的意思是：他們可能會(huì)提出你沒有考慮的想法。所以這里選E（問你的朋友和家人，他們認(rèn)為哪種工作更適合你。）與上下文一致。
38.F考查對(duì)上下文語境的理解�？蘸蟮囊馑际牵捍_保你做了大量的研究來決定你必須做什么。所以這里選F（有時(shí)候直到你開始工作時(shí)，你才會(huì)知道工作包含什么。）與上下文一致。
39.B考查對(duì)上下文語境的理解�？涨暗囊馑际牵嚎蘸蟮囊馑际牵涸S多人在找工作時(shí)都會(huì)想在未來工作會(huì)是什么樣子。。所以這里選B（考慮是什么使你開心。）與上下文一致。
40.C考查對(duì)上下文語境的理解�？涨暗囊馑际牵杭词褂锌赡軐�(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，也會(huì)是幾年的努力工作。空后的意思是：如果你能找一份使你開心的工作。所以這里選C（想一想什么使你開心，為什么。）與上下文一致。
【終極闖關(guān)】
【湖南省衡陽市第八中學(xué)2017屆高三實(shí)驗(yàn)班第一次質(zhì)檢】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference． 36 .
Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 37 . After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable?destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物). 38 .That means harmful material may get into our food supply.
39 . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works?where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.
The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. 40 . And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.
But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.
A. Then, fish may eat the plastics.
B. But people can make a big difference.
C. Plastics should be gathered together and reused.
D. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.
E. It asks for them to better measure and control plastic use.
F. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.
G．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.
高考英語“七選五閱讀”答題技巧與專題訓(xùn)練
三）邏輯關(guān)系型
根據(jù)上下文的語境及邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理找到正確答案是閱讀填空最常見的命題形式。試題中常出現(xiàn)的表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞及短語通常有以下四類：
(a)并列與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系： and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more
(b)因果關(guān)系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course
(c)轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系： but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of
(d)時(shí)間關(guān)系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具體的時(shí)間。
【2015?北京卷】
This way to dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy.__71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?
First, understand that some opportunities(機(jī)會(huì)) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task?Pferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.__75__
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn't have relativity, Coke or Post-it notes.
D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E．It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
G．Therefore, it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the daydream zone.
高考英語“七選五閱讀”答題技巧與專題訓(xùn)練
72. C 考查邏輯例證。本段談做白日夢(mèng)的好處，greatest ideas and achievements是關(guān)鍵詞，所以本空可以用例證說明greatest ideas and achievements指什么。
73. A 考查邏輯關(guān)系。本段開篇提出做白日夢(mèng)的機(jī)會(huì)(opportunities)，后面提出增加機(jī)會(huì)的方法，三句為并列關(guān)系，闡述做什么能夠幫助人更好地進(jìn)入白日夢(mèng)的狀態(tài)，因此A選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞also helps最為符合。
74. E 考查邏輯關(guān)系。整段闡述如何做到專注，與E選項(xiàng)中的self-control，stay calm and attentive相匹配。故選E。
75. G 考查邏輯關(guān)系。本段段首提出“…never know what wonderful idea might strike…”，后面應(yīng)該提供具體的應(yīng)對(duì)策略，所以建議最好隨時(shí)把好的想法記錄下來。而記錄所需要的重要工具就是G選項(xiàng)中的notebook(筆記本)和voice recorder(錄音設(shè)備)。故選G。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
1)如果問題在段首
(a)通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。
(b)與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號(hào)詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會(huì)有某種的銜接手段。
(c)段落間的過渡句。這時(shí)要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)地銜接起來，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。
2)如果問題在段尾
(a)空白前的一句或兩句是重點(diǎn)語句，重點(diǎn)閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。
(b)通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等詞語，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。
(c)與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系。
(d)與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系。在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)全說明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，因此根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的特征詞，通常在選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列/遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他信號(hào)線索。前面的一句與正確答案的第一句是緊密相連的。要特別注意閱讀這樣相連的兩句，通常會(huì)找到關(guān)鍵的線索詞句。
(e)所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來。
(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。
3)如果問題是一整個(gè)自然段
(a)這個(gè)段落應(yīng)該是承上啟下，而且自成一體，即有一個(gè)段落的中心，因此可重點(diǎn)閱讀選項(xiàng)中較長(zhǎng)的選項(xiàng)，以此類推直至找到正確答案。
(b)著重閱讀前一段結(jié)尾和后一段開頭的一兩句查找相關(guān)的線索，而且重要線索通常會(huì)在后一段開頭，因此后一段開頭往往比前一段結(jié)尾更為重要。
(c)分析段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意段落間的銜接手段。將選項(xiàng)代入原文，如果前后內(nèi)容連貫，符合邏輯，就能得出正確答案。
【基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)】
【江西師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2017屆高三10月月考】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
With the summer holiday just around the corner, it seems like everybody is busy planning their vacations. Here are some tips that can help you enjoy your holiday without emptying your pocket.
Travel off-season
Go to your desired destination while the demand is low and take advantage of huge discounts. During the peak season, the hotel and flight prices increase quickly, and you’ll likely spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the rush of tourists. 36
37 ]
Websites can help you find discount hotel rooms. Look for places that do not charge extra for children if they use the existing bedding. Stay with the locals. If you and your family are going to stay for a longer period, renting a small apartment is a good choice.
Eat like a local
Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new? Planning your meals is another way to reduce your travel costs. During your family trip, try new food where the locals eat. 38 For smaller meals and snacks, avoid restaurants and try street food or other takeout.
Don’t hesitate to bargain]
Tourist- heavy places are known for overcharging for just about everything.
Clothes, travel goodies, souvenirs, etc. are very expensive at these places. For this reason, you shouldn’t feel ashamed to ask for bargains. 39
Choose local transportation
As a tourist, avoid taking taxis whenever possible, since they are expensive.
40 If you are planning to stay for a while, you can consider renting a car. Hiring a car is much easier than carrying your bags everywhere if you are moving around a lot.
A. Save on hotels.
B. Surf the Internet while traveling.
C. Therefore, avoid buying anything there.
D. So it’s best to find out when the off-season starts.
E. This will not only save money, but offer you a new and different experience.
F. Bargain hard to get the best price.
G. Instead, take buses, railways or subways, which are always cheaper.
高考英語“七選五閱讀”答題技巧與專題訓(xùn)練
38.E考查上下文的理解判斷能力。根據(jù)橫線前一句Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new?當(dāng)你能夠經(jīng)歷一些新鮮東西的時(shí)候?yàn)槭裁匆诖蟮倪B鎖酒店吃呢？另外計(jì)劃飲食也可以降低旅游開支。根據(jù)句意能夠?qū)删淝昂蟠?lián)。故E項(xiàng)正確。
39.F考查上下文的理解判斷能力。根據(jù)橫線前所述可知旅游中花費(fèi)很高，由于這個(gè)原因，對(duì)于旅游中的便宜貨不應(yīng)感到羞愧。故F正確。
40.G考查上下文的理解判斷能力。根據(jù)標(biāo)題選擇當(dāng)?shù)亟煌ǹ芍挛膽?yīng)與交通有關(guān)，另外還提到了這個(gè)篇文章的主題，即避免出租車，因?yàn)樗麄儼嘿F。故G正確
【能力提升】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
What problems do you have with your study? Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results. __36__
Study Techniques
You should always study in the same place. You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose. __37__ Don’t watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary.
__38__ Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.
Test-taking Skills
All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means: do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months.
__39__ Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food too.
When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. ___40___
A. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your unpided attention.
B. Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface.
C. If so, use these tips to help you.
D. Be realistic and don’t try to complete too much in one study period.
E. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax.
F. You will have enough energy to deal with your study and exams by eating healthy diet.
G. Exercise is a great way to reduce Pssure.
【解析】
試題分析：注意力不集中既影響學(xué)習(xí)能力又影響考試成績(jī)，作者就怎樣集中注意力給了我們一些建議。
36.C考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。上文講學(xué)習(xí)考試中遇到的具體問題，尤其是注意力不集中影響學(xué)習(xí)能力和考試成績(jī)。是提出問題，C項(xiàng)：如果這樣，下面建議會(huì)幫助你。引出下文的解決方法承上啟下，故選C.
37.E考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。上句講要選擇合適的學(xué)習(xí)地點(diǎn)，目的是學(xué)習(xí)不是其他。E項(xiàng)：如果你坐在沙發(fā)上學(xué)習(xí)，大腦就會(huì)認(rèn)為該休息了。是對(duì)上句的具體解釋，故選E.
38.D考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。下文講完成一件事再開始另一件，不要同時(shí)做幾件事。D項(xiàng)：現(xiàn)實(shí)一些不要在同一學(xué)習(xí)階段完成太多。與下文一致，故選D.
高考英語“七選五閱讀”答題技巧與專題訓(xùn)練
【終極闖關(guān)】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Job interviewing never seems to get any easier?even when you have gone on more interviews than you can count. 36 Here are job interview tips to help Ppare you to interview effectively.
Practice
Practice answering interview questions and practice your responses to the typical job interview questions and answers most employers ask. Think of concrete examples you can use to highlight your skills.
Research
Do your homework about the employer and the industry so you are ready for the question What do you know about this company. 37 If you’re not sure of the name, call and ask ahead of the interview. Try to relate what you have learned about the company when answering questions.
38
Make sure your interview dress is neat, tidy and appropriate for the type of firm you are interviewing with. Bring a nice folder with copies of your resume. Include a pen and paper for note taking.
Be On Time]
39 Try to arrive at the interview on time. Being on time means five to ten minutes early. If necessary, take some time to drive to the interview location ahead of time.
Stay Calm]
During the job interview try to relax and stay as calm as possible . 40 Maintain eye contact with the interviewer. Listen to the entire question (active listening) before you answer and pay attention.
Show What You Know
Try to relate what you know about the company when answering questions and use examples from your research when answering related questions.
A. Get Ready.
B. Check yourself.
C. Never be late for the interview.
D. Keep it in mind that actions speak louder than words.
E. Know the interviewer’s name and use it during the job interview.
F. However, invest a little time ahead of the interview and it will be much easier to handle.
G. Remember your body languages as much as your answers to the questions.
38.A考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講提前準(zhǔn)備合適的穿著、簡(jiǎn)歷、紙筆，這些都是提前的準(zhǔn)備工作，A項(xiàng)概括全段，故選A.
39.C考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講面試要準(zhǔn)時(shí)，C項(xiàng)：面試不要遲到，符合本段內(nèi)容，故選C.
40.G考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講面試要保持鎮(zhèn)靜，G項(xiàng)講肢體語言的具體運(yùn)用，符合本段內(nèi)容，故選G.
